Status: DRAFT: For Review

Introduction

This profile sets out the expectations for the interweave blood pressure observation resource. The base for this profile is the UK Core Observation Vital Signs Blood Pressure and we have made little adjustment to this base profile. We have enforced the use of SNOMED codes where possible.

Mandatory fields

The following mandatory fields are defined:

1. status – Fixed value of ‘final’. Only finalised observations should be shared.

2. category – Fixed value of ‘vital-signs’.

3. code – Fixed value of a LOINC "magic code" describing the type of observation SHALL be present. (LOINC: 85354-9(Blood pressure panel with all children optional)). There is also a mandated set of SNOMED CT codes defined in UK Core Blood Pressure with preferred binding.

4. subject – Reference to the patient who is the subject of this measurement.

5. effective – An important field to provide details of the time/time period during which the observation was taken.

6. component – The component field contains two (SystolicBP and DiastolicBP) slices, one which represents the systolic measurement (mandatory) and the other the diastolic. Both components must be populated. Each slice within the component field has a number of important child fields that should/must be provided as below:

   • SystolicBP

     • code – Fixed value of a LOINC "magic code" describing the type of observation SHALL be present. (LOINC: 8480-6(Systolic blood pressure)). There is also a mandated set of SNOMED CT codes defined in UK Core Blood Pressure Systolic with preferred binding.

     • code.text – Fixed value of 'Systolic blood pressure'.

     • valueQuantity – The actual result recorded.

     • interpretation – This is also known as the ‘abnormal flag’ and is regularly recorded alongside the actual result. It is used to signal the meaning of the result.

     • referenceRange - To aid the interpretation of a result, it is important to include the reference range.

   • DiastolicBP

     • code – Fixed value of a LOINC "magic code" describing the type of observation SHALL be present. (LOINC: 8462-4(Diastolic blood pressure)). There is also a mandated set of SNOMED CT codes defined in UK Core Blood Pressure Diastolic with preferred binding.

     • code.text - Fixed value of 'Diastolic blood pressure'.

     • valueQuantity – The actual result recorded.

     • interpretation – This is also known as the ‘abnormal flag’ and is regularly recorded alongside the actual result. It is used to signal the meaning of the result.

     • referenceRange - To aid the interpretation of a result, it is important to include the reference range.

     • dataAbsentReason - The reason why the result is missing, this is valuable if a value has not been obtained for some reason e.g. a patient refused. This field must be provided when there is no value present.

Must Support fields

In addition the following fields are "Must Support" - ie they must be populated if relevant and known.

1. identifier – A Local Id should be provided, such that could be quoted if manually getting in touch to find out more.

2. encounter – his will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests). For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter.

3. performer – We limit this field to reference practitioner / practitionerRole/ CareTeam resources only. The organization responsible for the observation can be obtained via the provenance tag.

4. note – Comments in addition to the result are often recorded for observations, it is therefore important to provide this field when available to give the consumer the full result information.

5. bodySite – A long list of SNOMED codes which represent the observed parts of the body.

Optional fields

Other fields are optional and may be populated if known - on the understanding that not all data consumers will necessarily make use of them. Points of note include:

• method – Option to provide the mechanism used to perform the observation

• device – Opportunity to provide a link to a device resource from which was used to obtain the observation.

Discouraged or Removed fields

• basedOn – This field is discouraged as it does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.

• partOf – This field is discouraged as it does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.

• issued – This field has been removed as this information can be taken from the mandatory meta.lastUpdated field, and to also avoid any confusion with the other date fields.

• hasMember - Removed.

• dataAbsentReason - Removed. This element would be covered as part of individual component for Systolic / Diastolic Blood pressure.

• derivedFrom – This field is discouraged as it does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.

• referenceRange - Removed. This element would be covered as part of individual component for Systolic / Diastolic Blood pressure.

• specimen – Removed.

• interpretation - Removed. This element would be covered as part of individual component for Systolic / Diastolic Blood pressure.

• focus - Removed.

• Differential Table
• Key Elements Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

This structure is derived from UKCoreObservationVitalSignsBloodPressure

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation		0..*	UKCoreObservationVitalSignsBloodPressure	Measurements and simple assertions
id	S	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta
id		0..0
versionId	S	0..1	id	Version specific identifier
lastUpdated	S	0..1	instant	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. When the resource version last changed.
profile	S	0..*	canonical(StructureDefinition)	Profiles this resource claims to conform to. Should list (i) this profile (ii) base profile for this resource.
security		0..*	Coding	DISCOURAGED - may not be honoured by Data Consumers
Slices for tag		0..*	Coding	Tags applied to this resource Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
tag:Source	S	0..1	Coding	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. The Data Provider Id (and display text) of the system supplying the data
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.interweavedigital.nhs.uk/Source
version		0..0
code	S	1..1	code	The Data Provider Id of the system supplying the data
display	S	1..1	string	Name of the system supplying the data
tag:Provenance	S	0..1	Coding	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. The ODS Code (and display text) of the organisation responsible for the data
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.interweavedigital.nhs.uk/Provenance
version		0..0
code	S	1..1	code	The ODS Code of the organisation responsible for the data
display	S	1..1	string	Name of the organisation supplying the data
implicitRules		0..1	uri	DISCOURAGED - may not be honoured by Data Consumers
language		0..1	code	English is assumed (not currently a multi-lingual implementation)
text		0..1	Narrative	DISCOURAGED - the preferred approach is to offer structured data fields which a Data Consumer can then render and present in a manner most suited to its users
Slices for extension				Content/Rules for all slices
extension:triggeredByR5		0..0
identifier	S	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn		0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	DISCOURAGED - This field does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.
partOf		0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	DISCOURAGED - This field does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.
category		1..1	CodeableConcept	A category of `vital-signs` SHALL be present. Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (required): Codes for high level observation categories.
id		0..0
coding
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Vital Signs
code
id		0..0
coding		2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..0
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc		1..1	Coding	A LOINC "magic code" describing the type of observation SHALL be present.
id		0..0
version		0..0
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Blood pressure panel with all children optional
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:snomedCT		1..*	Coding	A SNOMED CT concept describing the type of observation SHALL be present.
id		0..0
version		0..0
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
subject		1..1	Reference(InterweavePatient)	Who or what the observation relates to SHALL be present.
id		0..0
reference		1..1	string	Reference to a resource (could be Contained)
identifier		0..1	Identifier	If relevant could include an id
display		1..1	string	Description of the referenced resource
focus		0..0
encounter	S	0..1	Reference(InterweaveEncounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]		1..1		This is the time/time period during which the observation was taken.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectiveInstant			instant
issued		0..0
performer		0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation.
reference		1..1	string	Reference to a resource (could be Contained)
identifier		0..1	Identifier	If relevant could include an id
display		1..1	string	Description of the referenced resource
dataAbsentReason		0..0
interpretation		0..0
note	S	0..1	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (required)
id		0..0
coding
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
method
id		0..0
coding
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
referenceRange		0..0
hasMember		0..0
derivedFrom		0..*	Reference(InterweaveObservation | InterweaveQuestionnaireResponse)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component		1..2	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
code
coding
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
Slices for component				Content/Rules for all slices
component:SystolicBP		1..1	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
id		0..0
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type)
id		0..0
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc		1..1	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
version		0..0
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:snomedCT		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
version		0..0
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
value[x]	S	1..1	Quantity	Actual component result
unit		1..1	string	Unit representation
system		1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form
code		1..1	code	Coded form of the unit
dataAbsentReason		0..0
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (required)
coding
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
Slices for component				Content/Rules for all slices
component:DiastolicBP		0..1	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
id		0..0
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type)
id		0..0
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc		1..1	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
version		0..0
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:snomedCT		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..0
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
version		0..0
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
value[x]	S	1..1	Quantity	Actual component result
unit		1..1	string	Unit representation
system		1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form
code		1..1	code	Coded form of the unit
dataAbsentReason	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (required)
coding
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (required)
coding
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.category	required	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	required	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:SystolicBP.interpretation	required	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.dataAbsentReason	required	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.interpretation	required	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	UKCoreObservationVitalSignsBloodPressure	Measurements and simple assertions obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present ukcore-obs-vs-001: `code.coding` SHALL include a LOINC "magic code"
id	SΣ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
versionId	SΣ	0..1	id	Version specific identifier
lastUpdated	SΣ	0..1	instant	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. When the resource version last changed.
profile	SΣ	0..*	canonical(StructureDefinition)	Profiles this resource claims to conform to. Should list (i) this profile (ii) base profile for this resource.
security	Σ	0..*	Coding	DISCOURAGED - may not be honoured by Data Consumers Binding: All Security Labels (extensible): Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
Slices for tag	Σ	0..*	Coding	Tags applied to this resource Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
tag:Source	SΣ	0..1	Coding	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. The Data Provider Id (and display text) of the system supplying the data Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.interweavedigital.nhs.uk/Source
code	SΣ	1..1	code	The Data Provider Id of the system supplying the data
display	SΣ	1..1	string	Name of the system supplying the data
tag:Provenance	SΣ	0..1	Coding	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. The ODS Code (and display text) of the organisation responsible for the data Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.interweavedigital.nhs.uk/Provenance
code	SΣ	1..1	code	The ODS Code of the organisation responsible for the data
display	SΣ	1..1	string	Name of the organisation supplying the data
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	DISCOURAGED - may not be honoured by Data Consumers
language		0..1	code	English is assumed (not currently a multi-lingual implementation) Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	DISCOURAGED - the preferred approach is to offer structured data fields which a Data Consumer can then render and present in a manner most suited to its users
Slices for extension				Content/Rules for all slices
bodyStructureR5		0..1	Reference(BodyStructure)	Observed body structure. This is a R5 backport. URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Observation.bodyStructure
bodyPosition		0..1	(Complex)	The patients body position when the vital signs observation was recorded. URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/observation-bodyPosition
extension		0..0
url		1..1	uri	"http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/observation-bodyPosition"
value[x]		1..1	CodeableConcept	Value of extension Binding: UK Core Body Position (preferred)
recordingSetting		0..*	CodeableConcept	Records whether the vital signs observation was performed in a clinical or non clinical setting. URL: https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/StructureDefinition/Extension-UKCore-RecordingSetting
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	SΣ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	DISCOURAGED - This field does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	DISCOURAGED - This field does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	A status of `final` SHALL be present. Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Fixed Value: final
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	A category of `vital-signs` SHALL be present. Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (required): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	The type of vital signs observation (code / type). Binding: UK Core Observation Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc	Σ	1..1	Coding	A LOINC "magic code" describing the type of observation SHALL be present. Binding: VitalSigns (extensible)
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 85354-9
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Blood pressure panel with all children optional
coding:snomedCT	Σ	1..*	Coding	A SNOMED CT concept describing the type of observation SHALL be present. Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure (preferred)
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(InterweavePatient)	Who or what the observation relates to SHALL be present.
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Reference to a resource (could be Contained)
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	If relevant could include an id
display	Σ	1..1	string	Description of the referenced resource
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(InterweaveEncounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣ	1..1		This is the time/time period during which the observation was taken.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectiveInstant			instant
performer	SΣ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation.
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Reference to a resource (could be Contained)
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	If relevant could include an id
display	Σ	1..1	string	Description of the referenced resource
note	S	0..1	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (required)
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(InterweaveObservation | InterweaveQuestionnaireResponse)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Slices for component	SΣ	1..2	BackboneElement	Component / sub results. Slice: Unordered, Closed by value:code.text
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: UK Core Observation Vital Signs Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of vital sign.
component:SystolicBP	SΣ	1..1	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: UK Core Observation Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	Σ	1..1	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8480-6
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Systolic blood pressure
coding:snomedCT	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure Systolic (preferred)
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
text	Σ	1..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept Fixed Value: Systolic blood pressure
value[x]	SΣ	1..1	Quantity	Actual component result
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation Fixed Value: millimeter of mercury
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded form of the unit Fixed Value: mm[Hg]
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (required)
component:DiastolicBP	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: UK Core Observation Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc	Σ	1..1	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8462-4
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Diastolic blood pressure
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:snomedCT	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure Diastolic (preferred)
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
text	Σ	1..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept Fixed Value: Diastolic blood pressure
value[x]	SΣ	1..1	Quantity	Actual component result
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation Fixed Value: millimeter of mercury
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded form of the unit Fixed Value: mm[Hg]
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (required)
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.meta.security	extensible	All Security Labels http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/security-labels from the FHIR Standard
Observation.meta.tag	example	CommonTags http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags from the FHIR Standard
Observation.meta.tag:Source	example	CommonTags http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags from the FHIR Standard
Observation.meta.tag:Provenance	example	CommonTags http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags from the FHIR Standard
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
Observation.extension:triggeredByR5.extension:type.value[x]	required	http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-triggeredbytype http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-triggeredbytype
Observation.extension:bodyPosition.value[x]	preferred	UKCoreBodyPosition https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BodyPosition from this IG
Observation.status	required	Fixed Value: final http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	required	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationType from this IG
Observation.code.coding:loinc	extensible	Fixed Value: LOINC Code 85354-9 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code.coding:snomedCT	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressure https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure from this IG
Observation.bodySite	required	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationVitalSignsType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationVitalSignsType from this IG
Observation.component:SystolicBP.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationType from this IG
Observation.component:SystolicBP.code.coding:snomedCT	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressureSystolic https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure-Systolic from this IG
Observation.component:SystolicBP.value[x].comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:SystolicBP.interpretation	required	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationType from this IG
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.code.coding:snomedCT	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressureDiastolic https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure-Diastolic from this IG
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.value[x].comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.dataAbsentReason	required	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.interpretation	required	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
ukcore-obs-vs-001	error	Observation	`code.coding` SHALL include a LOINC "magic code" : code.coding.where(system='http://loinc.org').exists()

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	UKCoreObservationVitalSignsBloodPressure	Measurements and simple assertions obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present ukcore-obs-vs-001: `code.coding` SHALL include a LOINC "magic code"
id	SΣ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
versionId	SΣ	0..1	id	Version specific identifier
lastUpdated	SΣ	0..1	instant	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. When the resource version last changed.
source	Σ	0..1	uri	Identifies where the resource comes from
profile	SΣ	0..*	canonical(StructureDefinition)	Profiles this resource claims to conform to. Should list (i) this profile (ii) base profile for this resource.
security	Σ	0..*	Coding	DISCOURAGED - may not be honoured by Data Consumers Binding: All Security Labels (extensible): Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
Slices for tag	Σ	0..*	Coding	Tags applied to this resource Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
tag:Source	SΣ	0..1	Coding	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. The Data Provider Id (and display text) of the system supplying the data Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.interweavedigital.nhs.uk/Source
code	SΣ	1..1	code	The Data Provider Id of the system supplying the data
display	SΣ	1..1	string	Name of the system supplying the data
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
tag:Provenance	SΣ	0..1	Coding	MANDATORY except in Contained Resources. The ODS Code (and display text) of the organisation responsible for the data Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.interweavedigital.nhs.uk/Provenance
code	SΣ	1..1	code	The ODS Code of the organisation responsible for the data
display	SΣ	1..1	string	Name of the organisation supplying the data
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	DISCOURAGED - may not be honoured by Data Consumers
language		0..1	code	English is assumed (not currently a multi-lingual implementation) Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	DISCOURAGED - the preferred approach is to offer structured data fields which a Data Consumer can then render and present in a manner most suited to its users
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
Slices for extension		0..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
bodyStructureR5		0..1	Reference(BodyStructure)	Observed body structure. This is a R5 backport. URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Observation.bodyStructure
bodyPosition		0..1	(Complex)	The patients body position when the vital signs observation was recorded. URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/observation-bodyPosition
id		0..1	id	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..0
url		1..1	uri	"http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/observation-bodyPosition"
value[x]		1..1	CodeableConcept	Value of extension Binding: UK Core Body Position (preferred)
recordingSetting		0..*	CodeableConcept	Records whether the vital signs observation was performed in a clinical or non clinical setting. URL: https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/StructureDefinition/Extension-UKCore-RecordingSetting
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	SΣ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	DISCOURAGED - This field does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	DISCOURAGED - This field does not appear to provide information which would be beneficial in a shared care record. It also allows references to a raft of request/order resources which introduces a lot of complexity for a data consumer.
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	A status of `final` SHALL be present. Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Fixed Value: final
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	A category of `vital-signs` SHALL be present. Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (required): Codes for high level observation categories.
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: vital-signs
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Vital Signs
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	The type of vital signs observation (code / type). Binding: UK Core Observation Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	0..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	0..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
coding:loinc	Σ	1..1	Coding	A LOINC "magic code" describing the type of observation SHALL be present. Binding: VitalSigns (extensible)
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 85354-9
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Blood pressure panel with all children optional
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
coding:snomedCT	Σ	1..*	Coding	A SNOMED CT concept describing the type of observation SHALL be present. Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure (preferred)
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(InterweavePatient)	Who or what the observation relates to SHALL be present.
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Reference to a resource (could be Contained)
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	If relevant could include an id
display	Σ	1..1	string	Description of the referenced resource
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(InterweaveEncounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣ	1..1		This is the time/time period during which the observation was taken.
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectiveInstant			instant
performer	SΣ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | CareTeam)	Who is responsible for the observation.
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Reference to a resource (could be Contained)
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	If relevant could include an id
display	Σ	1..1	string	Description of the referenced resource
note	S	0..1	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (required)
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure Measurement Method (preferred)
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
device		0..1	Reference(DeviceMetric | UK Core Device Blood Pressure)	(Measurement) Device
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(InterweaveObservation | InterweaveQuestionnaireResponse)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Slices for component	SΣ	1..2	BackboneElement	Component / sub results. Slice: Unordered, Closed by value:code.text
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: UK Core Observation Vital Signs Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of vital sign.
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:SystolicBP	SΣ	1..1	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: UK Core Observation Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc	Σ	1..1	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8480-6
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Systolic blood pressure
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:snomedCT	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure Systolic (preferred)
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	1..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept Fixed Value: Systolic blood pressure
value[x]	SΣ	1..1	Quantity	Actual component result
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
value	Σ	0..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation Fixed Value: millimeter of mercury
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded form of the unit Fixed Value: mm[Hg]
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (required)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:DiastolicBP	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Component / sub results.
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: UK Core Observation Type (preferred): A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:loinc	Σ	1..1	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8462-4
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Diastolic blood pressure
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
Slices for coding				Content/Rules for all slices
coding:snomedCT	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Binding: UK Core Blood Pressure Diastolic (preferred)
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	1..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept Fixed Value: Diastolic blood pressure
value[x]	SΣ	1..1	Quantity	Actual component result
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
value	Σ	0..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation Fixed Value: millimeter of mercury
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded form of the unit Fixed Value: mm[Hg]
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (required)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (required)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	1..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.meta.security	extensible	All Security Labels http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/security-labels from the FHIR Standard
Observation.meta.tag	example	CommonTags http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags from the FHIR Standard
Observation.meta.tag:Source	example	CommonTags http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags from the FHIR Standard
Observation.meta.tag:Provenance	example	CommonTags http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags from the FHIR Standard
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
Observation.extension:triggeredByR5.extension:type.value[x]	required	http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-triggeredbytype http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-triggeredbytype
Observation.extension:bodyPosition.value[x]	preferred	UKCoreBodyPosition https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BodyPosition from this IG
Observation.status	required	Fixed Value: final http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	required	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationType from this IG
Observation.code.coding:loinc	extensible	Fixed Value: LOINC Code 85354-9 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code.coding:snomedCT	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressure https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure from this IG
Observation.subject.type	extensible	ResourceType http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types from the FHIR Standard
Observation.performer.type	extensible	ResourceType http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	required	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressureMeasurementMethod https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure-MeasurementMethod from this IG
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationVitalSignsType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationVitalSignsType from this IG
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:SystolicBP.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationType from this IG
Observation.component:SystolicBP.code.coding:snomedCT	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressureSystolic https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure-Systolic from this IG
Observation.component:SystolicBP.value[x].comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:SystolicBP.interpretation	required	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.code	preferred	UKCoreObservationType https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-ObservationType from this IG
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.code.coding:snomedCT	preferred	UKCoreBloodPressureDiastolic https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/ValueSet/UKCore-BloodPressure-Diastolic from this IG
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.value[x].comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.dataAbsentReason	required	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component:DiastolicBP.interpretation	required	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
ukcore-obs-vs-001	error	Observation	`code.coding` SHALL include a LOINC "magic code" : code.coding.where(system='http://loinc.org').exists()